iconv - code conversion function

Syntax

#include <iconv.h> size_t iconv(iconv_t cd, const char * *inbuf, size_t *inbytesleft, char * *outbuf, size_t *outbytesleft);

Description iconv() converts a sequence of characters from one codeset into a sequence of

corresponding characters in another codeset. The sequence to be converted is located in the array specified by inbuf; the converted sequence is placed in the array specified by outbuf. The codesets are those specified in the iconv_open() call that returned the conversion descriptor cd. The inbuf argument points to a variable that points to the first character in the input buffer and inbytesleft indicates the number of bytes to be converted. The outbuf argument points to a variable that points to the first byte in the output buffer, and outbytesleft indicates the number of the bytes.

For state-dependent encodings, the conversion descriptor cd is placed into its initial shift state by a call for which inbuf is a null pointer, or for which inbuf points to a null pointer. When iconv() is called in this way, and if outbuf is not a null pointer or a pointer to a null pointer, and outbytesleft points to a positive value, iconv() will place, into the output buffer, the byte sequence to change the output buffer to its initial shift state. If the output buffer is not large enough to hold the entire reset sequence, iconv() will fail and set errno to E2BIG. Subsequent calls with inbuf as other than a null pointer or a pointer to a null pointer cause the conversion to take place from the current state of the conversion descriptor.

If a sequence of input bytes does not form a valid character in the specified codeset, conversion stops after the previous successfully converted character. If the input buffer ends with an incomplete character or shift sequence, conversion stops after the previous successfully converted bytes. If the output buffer is not large enough to hold the entire converted input, conversion stops just prior to the input bytes that would cause the output buffer to overflow. The variable pointed to by inbuf is updated to point to the byte following the last byte successfully used in the conversion. The value pointed to by inbytesleft is decremented to reflect the number of bytes still not converted in the input buffer. The variable pointed to by outbuf is updated to point to the byte following the last byte of converted output data. The value pointed to by outbytesleft is decremented to reflect the number of bytes still available in the output buffer.

For state-dependent encodings, the conversion descriptor is updated to reflect the shift state in effect at the end of the last successfully converted byte sequence.

If iconv() encounters a character in the input buffer that is valid, but for which an identical character does not exist in the target codeset, iconv() performs an implementationdependent conversion on this character.

Return val.	iconv() updates the variables pointed to by the arguments to reflect the extent of the conversion and returns the number of non-identical conversions performed. If the entire string in the input buffer is converted, the value pointed to by inbytesleft will be 0. If the input conversion is stopped due to any conditions mentioned above, the value pointed to by inbytesleft will be non-zero and errno is set to indicate the error condition. If an error occurs iconv() returns (size_t)-1 and sets errno to indicate the error.
Errors	iconv() will fail if: EILSEQ	Input conversion stopped due to an input byte that does not belong to the input codeset.
	E2BIG EINVAL	Input conversion stopped due to lack of space in the output buffer. Input conversion stopped due to an incomplete character or shift sequence at the end of the input buffer.
	EBADF	The cd argument is not a valid conversion descriptor for an open file.
See also	iconv_open(), iconv_close(), iconv.h.