Italic type indicates a reference to other terms in this glossary.
ABEND
Abnormal termination of program in z/OS.
absolute path name
The entire path name, from the root directory to the file itself.
access control
FTAM specific file attribute in the virtual filestore, attribute of the security group that defines access rights.
access protection
Comprises all the methods used to protect a data processing system against unauthorized system access.
access right / access admission
Derived from the transfer admission. The access right defines the scope of access for the user who specifies the transfer admission.
ACF-2
Program product from Computer Associates for system and data access control on z/OS.
action list
Component of the FTAM specific file attribute access control (attribute of the security group) in the virtual filestore that defines access rights.
ADM administrator
Administrator of the remote administration server. This is the only person permitted to modify the configuration data of the remote administration server.
ADM partner
Partner system of an openFT instance with which communication takes place over the FTADM protocol in order to perform remote administration.
ADM traps
Short messages sent to the ADM trap server if certain events occur during operation of openFT.
ADM trap server
Server that receives and permanently stores the ADM traps. It must be configured as a remote administration server.
administrated openFT instance
openFT instances that are able to be administered by remote administrators during live operation.
admission profile
Way of defining the FTAC protection functions. Admission profiles define a transfer admission that has to be specified in FT requests instead of the LOGON or Login authorization. The admission profile defines the access rights for a user ID by restricting the use of parameters in FT requests.
admission profile, privileged
see privileged admission profile
admission set
In FTAC, the admission set for a particular user ID defines which FT functions the user ID may use and for which partner systems.
admission set, privileged
see privileged admission set
AES (Advanced Encryption Standard)
The current symmetrical encryption standard, established by NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology), based on the Rijndael algorithm, developed at the University of Leuven (B). The openFT product family uses the AES method to encrypt the request description data and possibly also the file contents or the file and directory list attributes.
alphanumeric
Alphanumeric characters comprise alphabetic and numeric characters, i.e. the letters A-Z and the digits 0-9 and, on z/OS, the additional characters $, @, #.
AMODE
Specification for addressing a module (24-bit or 31-bit addresses) in z/OS.
ANSI code
Standardized 8-bit character code for message exchange. The acronym stands for "American National Standards Institute".
API (Application Programming Interface)
An interface that is freely available to application programmers. It provides a set of interface mechanisms designed to support specific functionalities.
Application Entity Title (AET)
The Application Entity Title consists of Layer 7 addressing information of the OSI Reference Model. It is only significant for FTAM partners.
asynchronous request
Once the FT request has been submitted, it is processed independently of the user. The user can continue working once the system has confirmed acceptance of the request. (see also synchronous request).
audit
Fundamental function of a secure system; logging of operating sequences and preparation of the logged data.
authentication
Process used by openFT to check the unique identity of the request partner.
background process
A process in Unix systems that runs independently of the user process. A background process is started by placing the special character & at the end of a command. The process which initiates the background process is then immediately free for further tasks and is no longer concerned with the background process, which runs simultaneously.
basic functions
Most important file transfer functions. Several basic functions are defined in the admission set which can be used by a login name. The six basic functions are:
inbound receive
inbound send
inbound follow-up processing
inbound file management
outbound receive
outbound send
central administration
Central administration in openFT incorporates the remote administration and ADM traps functions and requires the use of a remote administration server.
character mode
File names, pre, post and follow-up processing as well as remote commands are seen in their character presentation. An Ä in a remote file name is for example understood in character mode in the partner system also as an Ä, even if different system coding is set there and different local coding is set.
character repertoire
Character set of a file in the virtual filestore.
In the case of files transferred with FTAM partners it is possible to choose between: GeneralString , GraphicString , IA5String and VisibleString .
Character Separated Values
see Comma Separated Values.
client
Term derived from client/server architectures: the partner that makes use of the services provided by a server.
Logical instance which submits requests to a server.
cluster
A number of computers connected over a fast network and which in many cases can be seen as a single computer externally. The objective of clustering is generally to increase the computing capacity or availability in comparison with a single computer.
Comma Separated Values (CSV)
This is a quasi-tabular output format that is very widely used in the PC environment in which the individual fields are separated by a separator (often a semicolon “;“). It permits the further processing of the output from the most important openFT commands using separate tools.
communication computer
Computer for constructing a data communication system.
communication controller
see preprocessor
compression
This means that several identical successive characters can be reduced to one character and the number of characters is added to this. This reduces transfer times.
computer network, open
see open computer network
concurrency control
Component of the FTAM file attribute access control (part of the security group) in the virtual filestore that controls concurrent access. openFT (BS2000) offers only passive and partial support for concurrency control. Note: “partial support” is a technical term taken from the FTAM environment that means that the parameter is interpreted correctly at the syntactic level but is not genuinely supported.
configuration user ID
Each openFT instance in a BS2000 system requires an ID, on which the variable files of this file are stored (for the standard instance: $SYSFJAM).
connectivity
In general, the ability of systems and partners to communicate with one another. Sometimes refers simply to the communication possibilities between transport systems.
constraint set
Component of the FTAM file attribute document type.
contents type
FTAM specific file attribute in the virtual filestore, attribute of the kernel group that describes the file structure and the form of the file contents.
cross domain connection
A connection between computers that are located in different SNA domains.
A cross domain connection from a TRANSDATA network (as a SNA domain) to an SNA network requires the software product TRANSIT-CD to be used as a gateway.
cross network connection
A connection between computer that are located in different SNA networks.
A cross network connection from a TRANSDATA network to one or more SNA networks requires the software product TRANSIT-CD and, depending on the configuration, may also require TRANSIT-SNI to be used as a gateway.
DASD (Direct Access Storage Device)
Disk storage in BS2000 systems.
data communication system
Sum of the hardware and software mechanisms which allow two or more communication partners to exchange data while adhering to specific rules.
data compression
Reducing the amount of data by means of compressed representation.
data encoding
Way in which an FT system represents characters internally.
Data Encryption Standard (DES)
International data encryption standard for improved security. The DES procedure is used in the FT products to encrypt the request description data and possibly the request data or the file and directory list attributes if connections are established to older versions of openFT that do not support AES.
data protection
In the narrow sense as laid down by law, the task of protecting personal data against misuse during processing in order to prevent the disclosure or misappropriation of personal information.
In the wider sense, the task of protecting data throughout the various stages of processing in order to prevent the disclosure or misappropriation of information relating to oneself or third parties.
data security
Technical and organizational task responsible for guaranteeing the security of data stores and data processing sequences, intended in particular to ensure that
only authorized personnel can access the data,
no undesired or unauthorized processing of the data is performed,
the data is not tampered with during processing,
the data is reproducible.
data set
File in z/OS.
DHCP
Service in TCP/IP networks that automatically assigns IP addresses and TCP/IP parameters to clients on request.
Direct Access Storage Device (DASD)
Disk storage device in BS2000 systems.
directory
Directories are folders in the hierarchical file system of a Unix system (including POSIX) or a Windows system that can contain files and/or further directories.
In BS2000 (DVS), PLAM libraries are interpreted as directories.
openFT (z/OS) interprets, on the one hand, the contents of a PO or PDSE data set (and the members included in it) as a directory, and on the other hand also all files with a common name up to a qualifying delimiter (dot).
document type
Value of the FTAM specific file attribute contents type (attribute of the kernel group). Describes the type of file contents in the virtual filestore.
document type for text files: FTAM-1
document type for binary files: FTAM-3
dynamic partner
partner system that is either not entered in the partner list (free dynamic partner) or that is entered in the partner list with only address but without a name (registered dynamic partner).
EBCDIC
Standardized code for message exchange as used in BS2000 or z/OS systems.
The acronym stands for "Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code".
emulation
Components that mimic the properties of another device.
encoding mode
Mode for encoding file names, pre, post and follow-up processing as well as remote commands, see also transparent mode and character mode.
entity
see instance
Explorer
A program from Microsoft that is supplied with Windows operating systems to facilitate navigation within the file system.
file attributes
A file’s properties, for example the size of the file, access rights to the file or the file’s record structure.
file directory / file catalog
File in a BS2000 system present in every pubset (in SM pubsets there is a file directory in every volume set). All a pubset’s files and job variables are entered in the corresponding file directory. Files on private disks and tapes can be entered in the file directory.
A catalog entry contains all a file’s or job variable’s attributes (protection attributes, location of the administered data etc.
file management
Possibility of managing files in the remote system. The following actions are possible:
Create directories
Display and modify directories
Delete directories
Display and modify file attributes
Rename files
Delete files.
file processing
The openFT “file processing” function makes it possible to send a receive request in which the output of a remote command or program is transferred instead of a remote file.
filestore, virtual
see virtual filestore
file transfer request
see FT- request
firewall processor
Processor which connects two networks. The possible access can be controlled precisely and also logged.
fixed-length record
A record in a file all of whose records possess the same, agreed length. It is not necessary to indicate this length within the file.
follow-up processing
FT function that initiates execution of user-specified commands or statements in the local and/or the remote system after an FT request has been completed. The user may define different follow-up processing, depending on the success or failure of FT request processing. See also preprocessing and postprocessing.
follow-up processing request
Statements contained within an FT request which perform follow-up processing after file transfer.
free dynamic partner
Partner system that is not entered in the partner list.
FT administrator
Person who administers the openFT product installed on a computer, i.e. who is responsible, among other things, for the entries in the partner list as well as for controlling resources. On Unix systems, openFT can be administered from all login names with UID=0.
FT profile
See admission profile.
FT request
Request to an FT system to transfer a file from a sending system to a receive system and (optionally) start follow-up processing requests.
FT system
System for transferring files that consists of a computer and the Software required for file transfer.
FT trace
Diagnostic function that logs FT operation.
FTAC (File Transfer Access Control)
Extended access control for file transfer and file management. In the case of BS2000 and z/OS, this is implemented by means of the product openFT-AC, for other operating systems it is a component of the openFT product, e.g. in openFT (Unix systems) or openFT (Windows).
FTAC administrator
Administrator of the FTAC functions; should be identical to the person responsible for data security in the system.
The FTAC administrator specifies for their system, among other things, the security-technical framework in the form of a standard admission set that is valid for all users.
FTAC logging function
Function which FTAC uses to log each access to the protected system via file transfer.
FTAC transfer admission
Authorization for file transfer and file management when using FTAC. The transfer admission is then used in place of the LOGON or LOGIN authorization.
FTADM protocol
Protocol used for communication between two openFT instances in order to perform remote administration or transfer ADM traps.
FTAM-1
document type for text files
FTAM-3
document type for binary files
FTAM catalog
The FTAM catalog is used on Unix and Windows systems to extend the file attributes available in Unix systems. It is only relevant for access using FTAM. For example, a file can be deleted using the command rm on a Unix system or erase on a Windows system, even if the permitted actions parameter does not allow this.
FTAM file attributes
All systems which permit file transfer via FTAM protocols must make their files available to their partners using a standardized description (ISO 8571). To this end, the attributes of a file are mapped from the physical filestore to a virtual filestore and vice versa. This process distinguishes between three groups of file attributes:
kernel group: describes the most important file attributes.
storage group: contains the file’s storage attributes.
security group: defines security attributes for file and system access control.
FTAM partner
Partner system that uses FTAM protocols for communication.
FTAM protocol (File Transfer, Access and Management)
Protocol for file transfer standardized by the “International Organization for Standardization” (ISO) (ISO 8571, FTAM).
FTP partner
Partner system that uses FTAM protocols for communication.
FTP protocol
Manufacturer-independent protocol for file transfer in TCP/IP networks.
functional standard
Recommendation defining the conditions and the forms of application for specific ISO standards (equivalent term: profile). The transfer of unstructured files is defined in the European Prestandard CEN/CENELEC ENV 41 204; file management is defined in the European Prestandard CEN/CENELEC ENV 41205.
gateway
Generally understood to mean a computer that connects two or more networks and which does not function as a bridge. Variants: gateway at network level
(i.e. router or OSI relay), transport and application gateway.
gateway processor
Communication computer that links a computer network to another computer network. The mapping of the different protocols of the various computer networks takes place in gateway processors.
Generalized Trace Facility (GTF)
IBM tool for generating traces (in particular for monitoring the data traffic between an application program and the relevant VTAM applications and between VTAM applications and the data communication line).
general string
Character repertoire for files transferred to and from FTAM partners.
global privileges
All the privileges that can be assigned using the BS2000 command SET-PRIVILEGE including the security administrator privilege and the TSOS privilege. Global privileges and system administrator privileges are identical.
global request identification / global request ID / global request number
Request number that the initiator of an openFT or FTAM request transfers to the responder. This means that the global request ID in the responder is identical to the request ID in the initiator. The responder generates its own (local) request ID for the request. This means that information stored in both the initiator and the responder can be unambiguously assigned to a request. This is particularly important if the request has to be restarted.
global user administration
In BS2000 systems, this comprises the administration of user IDs and user groups and covers resources and user rights, the creation, modification and deletion of user IDs and user groups
GraphicString
Character repertoire for files transferred to and from FTAM partners.
guard
A component of the GUARDS condition administration system in BS2000 systems. A guard unites conditions which are evaluated by the standard GUARDS condition administration system on request.
GUARDS (Generally Usable Access Control Administration System)
Object administration for Guards.
heterogeneous network
A network consisting of multiple subnetworks functioning on the basis of different technical principles.
homogeneous network
A network constructed on the basis of a single technical principle.
host
Formerly a large-scale data processing system which required a front-end processor in order to be able to communicate. Nowadays, the term used for BS2000 or z/OS systems.
HOSTS file
Network administration file in Unix and Windows systems that contains the Internet addresses, the processor names and the alias names of all accessible computers.
IA5String
Character repertoire for files transferred to and from FTAM partners.
identification
Procedure making it possible to identify a person or object.
IEBCOPY
IBM tool for copying libraries (PO or PDSE data sets).
IEBGENER
IBM tool for copying sequential files (PS data sets).
IEBPTPCH
IBM tool for printing files.
inbound file management
Request issued in a remote system for which directories or file attributes of the local system can be displayed, file attribute modified or local file deleted.
inbound follow-up processing
Request issued in a remote system with follow-up processing in the local system.
inbound receive
Request issued in the remote system, for which a file is received in the local system.
inbound request / inbound submission
Request issued in another system.
inbound send
Request issued in a remote system for which a file is sent from the local system to the remote system.
initiator
Here: FT system that submits an FT request.
instance / entity
A concept of OSI architecture: active element in a layer. Also see openFT instance.
instance ID
A network-wide, unique address of an openFT instance.
integrity
Unfalsified, correct data following the processing, transfer and storage phases.
Interactive Problem Control System (IPCS)
IBM tool for formatting a machine-readable (unformatted) dump.
interoperability
Capability of two FT systems to work together.
ISO/OSI reference model
The ISO/OSI Reference Model is a framework for the standardization of communications between open systems. (ISO=International Standards Organization).
ISPF, ISPF/PDF
Menu-driven utilities in z/OS for software development and for conducting a (TSO) dialog.
job
Sequence of commands, statements and data.
On z/OS: A sequence of JCL statements (batch).
job class
Job classes combine jobs in BS2000 systems which share certain properties and characteristics.
job transfer
Transfer of a file that constitutes a job in the receive system and is initiated as a job there.
joinfile / user catalog / user ID catalog
File in a BS2000 system that contains the user attributes of all the user IDs in a pubset.
kernel group
Group of FTAM specific file attributes of the virtual filestore that encompasses the kernel attributes of a file.
library
File with internal structure (members)
library member
Part of a library. A library member may in turn be subdivided into a number of records.
Local Area Network (LAN)
Originally a high-speed network with limited physical extension. Nowadays, any network, that uses CSMA/CD, Token Ring or FDDI irrespective of the range (see also WAN Wide Area Network).
local system
The FT system at which the user is working.
logging function
Function used by openFT to log all file transfer accesses to the protected system.
logging record
see log record.
log record
Contains information about access checks performed by openFT (FTAC log record) or about a file transfer or remote administration request which is started when the access check was successful (FT log record or ADM log record).
Logical Unit (LU)
Interface between an application program and the SNA data communications network. The LU type describes the communications characteristics.
Login authorization
Access authorization to a computer. The login authorization which (as a rule) consists of the login name and the password authorizes dialog operation, see also LOGON authorization.
LOGON authorization
Access authorization to a computer. The LOGON authorization which (as a rule) consists of user ID, account number and password authorizes the user to make use of interactive operation.
mailbox
The mailbox is a file in a Unix system which is read using the mail command.
Each user has a mailbox for receiving messages.
mainframe
Computer (consisting of one or more processors) which runs under the control of a universal operating system (e.g. BS2000 or z/OS).
Synonyms: BS2000 computer, host computer.
maximum-string-length
Specifies the maximum length of strings within a file in the virtual FTAM filestore.
named partner
partner system entered by its name in the partner list.
Network Control Program (NCP)
Operating system of the front-end-processor for SNA hosts.
NEA
Name of a network architecture in BS2000 systems.
NetMaster
Tool for controlling a data communication system.
NetView
IBM tool for controlling a data communication system.
network description file
File used up to openFT V9 that contains specifications concerning remote systems (FT systems).
Network Management Kernel
Component of the Network Management Platform in BS2000 systems; responsible for forwarding network management requests as well as for centralized tasks such as logging, authorization checks, request and application administration.
offline logging
The log file can be changed during operation. Following this changeover, the previous log file is retained as an offline log file; new log records are written to a new log file. It is still possible to view the log records in an offline log file using the tools provided by openFT.
open computer network
Computer network in which communication is governed by the rules of ISO/OSI. Interoperation of different computers from various vendors is made possible by defined protocols.
openFT Explorer
openFT program for Unix and Windows systems that provides a graphical user interface that allows file transfer and administration functions to be performed.
openFT installation directory
Path under which openFT (Windows) is installed. This path can be freely selected during interactive installation. It can be set with the INSTALLDIR parameter during unattended installation. The default path depends on the language setting and the version of the Windows operating system. (Default: %Program Files%\openFT).
openFT instance
Several openFT systems, so-called openFT instances, can be running simultaneously on an individual computer or a cluster of a TCP/IP network on the HIPLEX cluster on a Sysplex cluster. Each instance has its own address (instance ID, virtual BCAM host in BS2000 systems, host in z/OS systems) and is comprised of the loaded code of the openFT products (including add-on products if they are available) and of the variable files such as the partner list, logging files, key library, request queue, etc.
openFT Monitor
Program for Unix and Windows systems that allows the monitoring data for openFT operation to be shown in the form of a chart. openFT Monitor requires a graphics-capable terminal.
openFT partner
Partner system which is communicated with using openFT protocols.
openFT protocols
Standardized protocols for file transfer (SN77309, SN77312).
openFT-FTAM
Add-on product for openFT (for BS2000, Unix systems and Windows systems) that supports file transfer using FTAM protocols. FTAM stands for File Transfer, Access and Management (ISO 8571).
openFT-Script
openFT interface for Unix and Windows systems providing an XML based script language that includes file transfer and file management functions. This interface allows you to combine several file transfer or file management requests to form a single openFT-Script request.
openFT-Script commands
Commands used for administering openFT-Script requests in Unix and Windows systems.
operating parameters
Parameters that control the resources (e.g. the permissible number of connections).
outbound request / outbound submission
Request issued in your own processor.
outbound receive
Request issued locally for which a file is received in the local system.
outbound send
Request issued locally for which a file is sent from the local system.
owner of an FT request
Login name in the local system or remote system under which this FT request is executed. The owner is always the ID under which the request is submitted, not the ID under which it is executed.
partitioned data set extended (PDSE data set)
Library in the IBM z/OS Data Management System. Contains individual members and can be used instead of a partitioned organized data set. The IBM software product "Data Facility Storage Management Subsystem" (DFSMS) is required to use PDSE.
partitioned organized data set (PO data set)
Library of the IBM z/OS Data Management System. Contains individual members.
partner
see partner system
partner list
File containing specifications concerning remote systems (FT systems).
partner system
Here: FT system that carries out FT requests in cooperation with the local system.
password
Sequence of characters that a user must enter in order to access a user ID, file, job variable, network node or application. The user ID password serves for user authentication. It is used for access control. The file password is used to check access rights when users access a file (or job variable). It is used for file protection purposes.
permitted actions
FTAM specific file attribute in the virtual filestore; attribute of the kernel group that defines actions that are permitted in principle.
Personal Audit for Individual Accountability
Trace of individual system utilization. Identification can take the following forms:
a user ID corresponds to a user, or
a user may use only one operator terminal.
physical sequential data set / PS data set
Sequential file in the IBM z/OS Data Management System; similar to a BS2000 SAM file.
Physical Unit (PU)
Each node of an SNA network contains a Physical Unit (PU) as an addressable instance. This is responsible for monitoring the connection to the host and for monitoring the Logical Units (LUs).
port number
Number that uniquely identifies a TCP/IP application or the end point of a TCP/IP connection within a processor.
POSIX (Portable Open System Interface)
Board and standards laid down by it for interfaces that can be ported to different system platforms.
postprocessing
openFT makes it possible to process the received data in the receiving system through a series of operating system commands. Postprocessing runs under the process control of openFT (in contrast to follow-up processing).
preprocessing
The preprocessing facility in openFT can be used to send a receive request in which the outputs of a remote command or program are transferred instead of a file. This makes it possible to query a database on a remote system, for example. Preprocessing also may be issued locally.
preprocessor / communication controller
A processor system connected upstream of the mainframe (BS2000 or z/OS system) which performs special communication tasks in the network. Synonym: communication processor.
presentation
Entity that implements the presentation layer (layer 6) of the ISO/OSI Reference Model in an FT system that uses e.g. FTAM protocols.
presentation selector
Subaddress used to address a presentation application.
private key
Secret decryption key used by the recipient to decrypt a message that was encrypted using a public key. Used by a variety of encryption procedures including the RSA procedure.
privilege
In BS2000 and z/OS systems: Global privilege within the system that authorizes a user to execute certain commands and call certain program interfaces (e.g. TSOS privilege).
In BS2000 systems: Set of user-specific attributes that are used by the access control system.
privileged admission profile
Admission profile that allows the user to exceed the FTAC administrator’s presettings in the admission set. This must be approved by the FTAC administrator who is the only person able to privilege admission profiles.
privileged admission set
Admission set belonging to the FTAC administrator.
procedure
In z/OS: command procedure, corresponds in principle to an IBM CLIST or REXX procedure.
profile
In OSI, a profile is a standard which defines which protocols may be used for any given purpose and specifies the required values of parameters and options.
Here: a set of commands assigned to a user ID. The permissibility of These commands is ensured by means of syntax files. See also admission profile, privileged admission profile.
prompting in procedures
Function in Unix and Windows systems used to prompt the user at the terminal to enter data required to run the procedure.
protocol
Set of rules governing information exchange between peer partners in order to achieve a defined objective. This usually consists of a definition of the messages that are to be exchanged and the correct sequencing of Messages including the handling of errors and other exceptions.
public key
Public encryption key defined by the receiver of a message, and made public or made known to the sender of the message. This allows the sender to encrypt messages to be sent to the receiver. Public keys are used by various encryption methods, including the Rivest Shamir Adleman (RSA) procedure. The public key must match the private key known only to the receiver.
public space
Named disk storage area in BS2000 systems which is available to a defined number of user IDs within the operating system. This storage area may be located on one or more Public Volume Sets (pubsets).
pubset / public volume set
Set of shared, named disk storage units in a BS2000 system which is defined by a catalog identification (catid). A distinction is made between SF pubsets and SM pubsets.
RACF
IBM product for system and data access control.
RAS
Remote Access Service; a Windows service that enables communication with remote systems.
receive file
File in the receive system in which the data from the send file is stored.
receive system
System to which a file is sent. This may be the local system or the remote system.
record
Set of data that is treated as a single logical unit.
registered dynamic partner
Partner system that is entered in the partner list with only an address but no name.
relative path name
The path from the current directory to the file.
relay
OSI term for an element in a layer that acts as an intermediary between two other partners and thus makes communications between these two partners possible. In the narrow sense, on the network layer a relay is the functional equivalent of a router.
relay program
Program in a gateway processor that maps the different protocols onto one another.
remote administration
Administration of openFT instances from remote computers.
remote administration server
Central component required for remote administration and for ADM traps. A remote administration server runs on a Unix or Windows system running openFT as of V11.0. If it is used for remote administration, it contains all the configuration data required for this purpose.
remote administrator
Role configured on the remote administration server and which grants permission to execute certain administration functions on certain openFT instances.
remote system
see partner system
request
see FT request,
request file
see request queue.
request queue
File containing asynchronous requests and their processing statuses.
request identification / request ID
Number assigned by the local system that identifies an FT request.
request management
FT function responsible for managing FT requests; it ensures request processing from the submission of a request until its complete processing or termination.
request number
see request identification
request storage
FT function responsible for storing FT requests until they have been fully processed or terminated.
resources
Hardware and software components needed by the FT system to execute an FT request (tasksprocesses, connections, lines). These resources are controlled by the operating parameters.
responder
Here: FT system addressed by the initiator.
restart
Automatic continuation of an FT request following an interruption.
restart point
Point up to which the data of the send file has been stored in the receive file when a file transfer is interrupted and at which the transfer of data is resumed following a restart.
result list[ing]
In BS2000 and z/OS systems: List with information on a completed file transfer.
This is supplied to the user in the local system and contains information on his or her FT requests.
REXX
IBM procedure language.
RFC (Request for Comments)
Procedure used on the Internet for commenting on proposed standards, definitions or reports. Also used to designate a document approved in this way.
RFC1006
Supplementary protocol for the implementation of ISO transport services (transport class 0) using TCP/IP.
Rivest-Shamir-Adleman-procedure (RSA procedure)
Encryption procedure named after its inventors that operates with a key pair consisting of a public key and a private key. Used by the openFT product family in order to reliably check the identity of the partner system and to transmit the AES key to the partner system for encrypting the file contents or the file and directory list attributes.
router
Network element that is located between networks and guides message flows through the networks while simultaneously performing route selection, addressing and other functions. Operates on layer 3 of the OSI model.
RPC (Remote Procedure Call)
Cross-network server procedure call issued by client.
security attributes
An object’s security attributes specify how and in what ways the object may be accessed.
Secure FTP
Method by which a connection is tunneled using the FTP protocol, thus allowing secure connections with encryption and authentication.
security group
Group of FTAM specific file attributes in the virtual filestore, encompassing the security attributes of a file.
security level
When FTAC or FTAC functions are used, the security level indicates the required level of protection against a partner system.
send file
File in the sending system from which data is transferred to the receive file.
sending system
Here: FT system that sends a file. This may be the local system or the remote system.
server
Logical entity or application component which executes a client’s requests and assures the (coordinated) usage of all the generally available services (File, Print, data base, Communication, etc.). May itself be the client of another server.
service
As used in the OSI architecture: a service is the set of functions that a service provider makes available at a service access point.
As used in the client/server architecture: a set of functions that a Server makes available to its clients.
Term used in Unix and Windows systems: A program, routine or process used to perform a particular system function to support other programs, in particular on a low level (hardware-related).
service class
Parameter used by FTAM partners to negotiate the functions to be used.
session
In OSI, the term used for a layer 5 connection.
In SNA, a general term for a connection between communication partners (applications, devices or users).
session selector
Subaddress used to address a session application.
SF pubset (Single Feature Pubset)
One or more disks in a BS2000 system whose key properties (disk format, allocation unit) match and which are used to store files and JVs under a shared catalog ID.
shell metacharacters
On Unix and Windows systems, the following metacharacters have special meanings for the Unix shell or Windows command prompt: *, [ ], ?, <, >, |, &, &&, ( ), { }
SMF (Service Management Facility)
Tool for controlling services on Solaris systems.
SMF (System Management Facility)
IBM Tool for collecting accounting data and statistics.
SMP/E (System Modification Program/Extended)
IBM product used to install and manage the software products, their versions and corrections.
SNA network
Data communication system that implements the Systems Network Architecture (SNA) of IBM.
SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol)
Protocol for TCP/IP networks defined by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) for the transfer of management information.
special characters
see shell metacharacters.
Standard Access Control
BS2000 systems: Consists of the ACCESS and USER-ACCESS rights that are defined in the CREATE-FILE or MODIFY-FILE-ATTRIBUTES commands.
standard admission set
This standard admission set applies by default to all users for whom there is no dedicated admission set. These default settings may be restricted further by the user for his or her own admission set.
standard error output (stderr)
By default, standard error output on Unix and Windows systems is to the screen.
standard input (stdin)
By default, standard input on Unix and Windows systems is from the keyboard.
standard instance
The first openFT-instance that is always available and is activated or loaded when starting openFT. By default all openFT commands refer to this instance, if no other instance was specified.
standard output (stdout)
By default, standard output on Unix and Windows systems is to the screen.
storage group
FTAM specific file attribute in the virtual filestore, encompasses the storage attributes
of a file.
string
Character string
string significance
Describes the format of strings in files to be transferred using FTAM protocols.
subsystem
In BS2000 systems: Part of a system which processes a self-contained group of functions.
SU Privilege
Privilege of an FTAC administrator in z/OS. This privilege allows the administrator to set up admission profiles for which TRANSFER-ADMISSIONS have been released on other user IDs without the need to know the current password. This privilege is defined in the FTACADM member of the parameter library.
synchronous request
The user task (user process) that submitted the FT request waits for transfer to terminate. The user cannot continue working (see also asynchronous request).
SYSFILE environment
System files in BS2000 systems; the SYSFILE environment designates the totality of the system files assigned to a request.
system
see FT- system
system, local
see local system
system, remote
see remote system
system administration
Structural unit in the computer center
Group of individuals who employ user IDs that are associated with global privileges.
system administrator command
Command which cannot be submitted by any user ID but only by user IDs which possess the corresponding (global) privileges (in BS2000 systems by the TSOS user ID, for example).
system administrator privileges
see global privileges
system files
The system input/output files assigned to a request in a BS2000 system. Users can only access system files indirectly by means of the SYSFILE command. System files provide data and resources that are required for the functions of the control program.
System files and their primary allocations:
SYSOUT: output of system messages to terminals
SYSLST: output of compilation logs etc.via printer(automatic SPOOLOUT)
SYSLSTnn: as SYSLST; 1 <= nn <= 99; each of the max.99 system filesmust be assigned to a cataloged file
SYSOPT: output file as SYSLST
SYSCMD: used to submit commands to the control program
SYSDTA: used to enter data or statements
system resources
Resources in a computer system that can be requested or released by a job or a task/process.
task
Entity responsible for processes. In BS2000 tasks are used, among other things, to process user jobs (e.g. batch jobs, interactive jobs), see job.
In z/OS: Entity responsible for executing one or more programs within a job.
TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol)
Widely used data transmission protocol (corresponds approximately to layers 3 and 4 of the ISO/OSI reference model, i.e. network and transport layers); originally developed for the ARPANET (computer network of the US Ministry of Defense) it has now become a de-facto standard.
Top Secret
Program authored by the company Computer Associates for data and system access control.
transfer admission
Short designation for FTAC transfer admission.
transfer unit
In an FTAM environment, the smallest data unit for transporting file contents. For FTAM-1 and FTAM-3 these are strings. A transfer unit can, but need not, correspond to one file record.
Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol
see TCP/IP
TranSON
TranSON is a software product that permits secure access to a server. The use of TranSON is transparent to the application. The connection to the remote partner goes from the workstation through a client proxy and server proxy to the remote partner. The client proxy is located on the workstation, and the server proxy is located on the remote partner. The data transferred between the client proxy and the server proxy is encrypted.
transparent mode
File names, pre, post and follow-up processing as well as remote commands are seen in a fixed binary code, independent of local character code settings. Code transformation merely takes place between EBCDIC DF.04-1 (BS2000), IBM1047 (z/OS) and ISO8859-1 (Unix, Windows).
transport connection
Logical connection between two users of the transport system (terminals or applications).
transport layer
Layer 4 of the ISO/OSI reference model on which the data transport protocols are handled.
Transport Name Service (TNS)
Service on Unix and Windows systems used to administer properties specific to transport systems. Entries for partner systems receive the information on the particular transport system employed.
transport protocol
Protocol used on the transport layer
transport selector (T-selector)
Subaddress used to address an ISO-8072 application in the transport layer.
transport system
The part of a system or architecture that performs approximately the functions of the four lower OSI layers, i.e. the transport of messages between the two partners in a communication connection.
Sum of the hardware and software mechanisms that allow data to be transported in computer networks.
TSN (Task Sequence Number)
Identification of a BS2000 process (task).
Unicode
The universal character encoding, maintained by the Unicode Consortium. This encoding standard provides the basis for processing, storage and interchange
of text data in any language in all modern software and information technology protocols. The Unicode Standard defines three Unicode encoding forms:
UTF-8, UTF-16 and UTF-32.
universal-class-number
Parameter of the document-type that defines the character-repertoire of a file to be transferred.
UNIX ®
Registered trademark of the Open Group for a widespread multiuser operating system. A system may only bear the name UNIX if it has been certified by the Open Group.
Unix system
Commonly used designation for an operating system that implements functions typical of UNIX® and provides corresponding interfaces. POSIX and Linux are also regarded as Unix systems.
user
Represented by a user ID. The term “user” is a synonym for individuals, applications, procedures etc. which can obtain access to the operating system via a user ID.
user administration
see global user administration
user attributes
All the characteristics of the user ID in a BS2000 system that are stored in the joinfile.
user catalog / user ID catalog
see joinfile.
user command
Command in a BS2000 system that can be issued under any user identification in system mode (/) or in program mode by means of a CMD macro.
user identification / user ID
In BS2000 systems: A name with a maximum length of eight characters which is entered in the joinfile. The user ID identifies the user when accessing the system. All files and job variables are set up under a user ID. The names of the files and job variables are stored in the file catalog together with the user ID.
user privileges
All the attributes that represent rights that are assigned to a user identification in a BS2000 system and are stored in the joinfile.
variable length record
A record in a file all of whose records may be of different lengths. The record length must either be specified in a record length field at the start of the record or must be implicitly distinguishable from the next record through the use of a separator (e.g. Carriage Return - Line Feed).
virtual filestore
The FTAM virtual filestore is used by FT systems acting as responders to make their files available to their partner systems. The way a file is represented in the virtual filestore is defined in the FTAM standard, see file attributes.
VisibleString
Character repertoire for files transferred to and from FTAM partners.
volume set
Component of an SM pubset in a BS2000 system. A volume set is a set of disks whose key properties (disk format, allocation unit) match.
The name of the volume set is administered in a directory of the SM pubset.
However, the data on a volume in the volume set is addressed via the SM pubset ID.
VSAM
IBM file access method for sequential, direct and indexed access.
VTAM
IBM telecommunication access method.
WAN (Wide Area Network)
A public or private network that can span large distances but which runs relatively slowly and with higher error rates when compared to a LAN.
Nowadays, these definitions have only limited validity. Example: in ATM networks.
X.25
X.25 is a standard protocol suite for packet switched wide area network (WAN) communication. It is designed as three conceptual layers, which correspond closely to the lower three layers of the seven-layer OSI model.
X terminal
In Unix systems: A terminal or software component to display the graphical X Window interface of Unix systems. An X terminal or a corresponding software emulation is a prerequisite for using the graphical interface of openFT.